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Water Cooled Chiller

A Water-Cooled Chiller is a highly efficient cooling system widely used in commercial, industrial, and institutional applications. It uses water as the primary medium for heat rejection, typically via a cooling tower. Water-cooled chillers are preferred for their high energy efficiency, especially in large-scale cooling systems.

Components of a Water-Cooled Chiller

  1. Compressor:

    • The main component that compresses the refrigerant, raising its pressure and temperature.

    • Types: Reciprocating, Scroll, Screw, or Centrifugal.

  2. Condenser:

    • Transfers heat from the refrigerant to the cooling water circulating in the system.

  3. Cooling Tower:

    • Facilitates heat rejection from the condenser water to the atmosphere.

  4. Evaporator:

    • Absorbs heat from the process water, cooling it as the refrigerant evaporates.

  5. Expansion Valve:

    • Reduces refrigerant pressure and temperature before entering the evaporator.

  6. Refrigerant:

    • Transfers heat within the system by cycling between liquid and gaseous states.

  7. Pumps:

    • Circulate chilled water to the cooling load and condenser water to the cooling tower.

  8. Control System:

    • Monitors and manages operations, ensuring optimal performance and safety.

Working Principle

  1. Heat Absorption:

    • Process water (or fluid) flows through the evaporator, where it transfers heat to the refrigerant. The refrigerant absorbs this heat and evaporates.

  2. Compression:

    • The refrigerant vapor is compressed, increasing its pressure and temperature.

  3. Heat Rejection:

    • The hot refrigerant flows to the condenser, where it releases heat to the circulating condenser water.

  4. Cooling Tower:

    • The condenser water absorbs heat from the refrigerant and flows to the cooling tower, where it releases the heat into the atmosphere.

  5. Refrigerant Expansion:

    • The high-pressure refrigerant is expanded through an expansion valve, cooling it down before entering the evaporator to repeat the cycle.

Applications

  1. Commercial Buildings:

    • Office towers, malls, and hotels for centralized air conditioning.

  2. Industrial Processes:

    • Plastic injection molding, chemical production, and metal fabrication.

  3. Data Centers:

    • Maintain optimal temperature for servers and IT equipment.

  4. Hospitals:

    • Provide cooling for sensitive equipment and controlled environments.

  5. Manufacturing Plants:

    • Regulate machinery and process temperatures.

Advantages

  1. High Energy Efficiency:

    • More efficient than air-cooled chillers, especially for large systems.

  2. Reduced Noise:

    • Quieter operation due to the absence of high-speed condenser fans.

  3. Compact Design:

    • Cooling towers allow the system to be more compact on-site.

  4. Longevity:

    • Components generally last longer due to stable operating conditions.